Now,PJS Herreklær Lær Parkas, on the other hand, since he can promise himself this reward of virtue only from the consciousness of having done his duty, it is clear that the latter must have preceded: that is, he must feel himself bound to do his duty before he thinks, and without thinking, that happiness will be the consequence of obedience to duty. He is thus involved in a circle in his assignment of cause and effect. He can only hope to be happy if he is conscious of his obedience to duty: and he can only be moved to obedience to duty if he foresees that he will thereby become happy. But in this reasoning there is also a contradiction. For,Colton Parayko Tröjor, on the one side, he must obey his duty,Pekka Rinne Tröjor, without asking what effect this will have on his happiness, consequently,Louis Domingue Tröjor, from a moral principle; on the other side, he can only recognize something as his duty when he can reckon on happiness which will accrue to him thereby,Dame Moncler Suyen, and consequently on a pathological principle, which is the direct opposite of the former.
I have in another place (the Berlin Monatsschrift),Menn Moncler Hubert, reduced,Kevan Miller Tröjor, as I believe, to the simplest expressions the distinction between pathological and moral pleasure. The pleasure, namely, which must precede the obedience to the law in order that one may act according to the law is pathological,Ralph Lauren Långärmade skjortor, and the process follows the physical order of nature; that which must be preceded by the law in order that it may be felt is in the moral order. If this distinction is not observed; if eudaemonism (the principle of happiness) is adopted as the principle instead of eleutheronomy (the principle of freedom of the inner legislation), the consequence is the euthanasia (quiet death) of all morality.
The cause of these mistakes is no other than the following: Those who are accustomed only to physiological explanations will not admit into their heads the categorical imperative from which these laws dictatorially proceed, notwithstanding that they feel themselves irresistibly forced by it. Dissatisfied at not being able to explain what lies wholly beyond that sphere, namely, freedom of the elective will, elevating as is this privilege,Nathan MacKinnon Tröjor, that man has of being capable of such an idea. They are stirred up by the proud claims of speculative reason,Washington Capitals Tröjor, which feels its power so strongly in the fields, just as if they were allies leagued in defence of the omnipotence of theoretical reason and roused by a general call to arms to resist that idea; and thus they are at present, and perhaps for a long time to come, though ultimately in vain,Shayne Gostisbehere Tröjor, to attack the moral concept of freedom and if possible render it doubtful.
Introduction to the Metaphysical Elements of Ethics
Ethics in ancient times signified moral philosophy (philosophia moral is) generally, which was also called the doctrine of duties. Subsequently it was found advisable to confine this name to a part of moral philosophy, namely,Menn Moncler Branson, to the doctrine of duties which are not subject to external laws (for which in German the name Tugendlehre was found suitable). Thus the system of general deontology is divided into that of jurisp
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